Rhine River
The Rhine River trickles down from its origins in the Swiss Alps on an 820-mile course through several countries until it empties into the North Sea. The upper Rhine forms the border of Germany with Switzerland and the Alsace region of France. The picturesque middle Rhine is home to forests, vineyards, and castles. The lower Rhine flows into the Netherlands and the Rhine River Delta.
Castles on the Middle Rhine
Castles abound on the middle Rhine, interspersed with steep vineyards and picturesque towns. Many of these castles were not the homes of rulers, but rather noblemen who used them to oversee trade and collect tolls from merchant ships passing along the river. The 40-mile stretch of the middle Rhine from Koblenz to Bingen is a UESCO world heritage site. There are more than 28 castles along this stretch of the river.
Viking Skirnir spent several hours on a scenic cruise past some of the castles along this stretch of the river ending with a visit to Marksburg Castle, which is now a tourist attraction. There are also many picturesque towns, often dominated by their churches. At the beginning of the scenic cruise the majority of the castles we passed were on the left bank of the river. A short stretch saw castles on both sides, followed by the majority appearing on the right side. This was according to the direction in which our ship was traveling as it headed from Budapest to Amsterdam on a cruise spanning 3 rivers in which the Rhine was the third of the three.
Maps were provided to any Skirnir passengers who wanted them, which showed the castles we would sail past and at which kilometer marker to look for them. Not all of them were exactly on the marker where the map said to expect them though.
We first passed by Klopp Castle which dates back to the 13th century. The keep to that castle was rebuilt and now houses the administration for the town of Bingen on Rhine. On the other side of the river the Niederwald Monument stands high on the hillside as a memorial to the rebirth of the German Empire following the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian war. It took 12 years to build from 1871-1883 and symbolizes the unification of Germany.
Next we passed Ehrenfels Castle on the east bank and the Mouse Tower on an island near the west bank. The mouse tower was a former toll tower and then served as a shipping signal station until 1974. Legend has it that mice ate an archbishop imprisoned there. The name dates back to 1516, though the tower was there long before that. Ehrenfels Castle is a ruin that was rebuilt around 1212 for tolling in conjunction with the mouse tower as well as for defense. It was damaged in the 30-years war that started in 1618 and further destroyed in the 1689 Siege of Mainz.
Both on the left or west bank and near to each other are Rheinstein and Reichenstein. Rheinstein was built in the 1320’s and is believed to have been a fiefdom of the Archbishops of Mainz. After becoming dilapidated it was rebuilt in the 19th century and currently serves as a museum and has apartments where people can stay.
Reichenstein is one of the larger castles on the Rhine. It dates back to the 1200’s. Once a ruin, it has been reconstructed and houses a museum and gift shop.
First known mention of Sooneck castle was in 1271 and it was besieged in 1283. A new castle was built on the site in 1346, but fell into disrepair after 1553 when the last of the family living there died out. It and all the other castles on the left bank were destroyed in 1689 by troops of King Loius XIV of France. Vinyards were planted on the grounds in 1774 and it was rebuilt as a hunting lodge between 1834 and 1861, but never allowed to be used as such due to disagreements among royals and revolutions in Germany. It now belongs to the state ministry of castles. There are tours available there.
Heimburg and Nollig are across the river from each other. Heimburg is privately owned and not open to the public. It was rebuilt in neo-gothic style in the 19th century after being ruined along with others on that bank in 1689, Nollig was a fortification for the city of Lorch rather than an actual castle and is just ruins.
Stahleck is a 12th century fortified castle. It was destroyed along with the rest on that bank, but rebuilt in the 20th century and now houses a youth hostel.
On the other side of the river Pflazgrafenstein sits on Falkenau island otherwise known as Pfalz Island in front of Gutenfels which is about halfway up a hill. Pflazgrafenstein was a toll castle and is one of the more picturesque because of its closeness to ship traffic and its bright colors. Gutenfels was built in 1220, destroyed by Napolean in 1806 and rebuilt in the Victorian era. It is now open as a hotel.
The town of Kaub sits near Pflazgrafenstein and Gutenfels. Not far from there we saw train tunnels going through a rocky cliff on the side of the river. The tunnel entrance resembles a castle.
Schönburg Castle was built in the 900’s and used for collecting tolls from river traffic. It was burned by the French in 1689 when they destroyed all of the castles on that side of the river. It sat in ruins for 20o years. The castle was restored in the 19th century and now houses a hotel and restaurant. It looms over the town of Oberwesel.
The next notable place on the riverside we passed by was according to the sign in front of it the Loreley. Everything online says Lorelei, which is the only way we heard it pronounced, but the sign had a y at the end instead of an i. It’s not a castle, but rather a rocky prominence looming over the river. Other than the sign in front it just looks like another rocky hillside. The story varies a bit from one source to another, but all involve a maiden who either fell from or threw herself off of the rock either in despair of a faithless lover or because she thought she saw him in the Rhine. Either way she dies and becomes a siren luring those who sail past to their destruction with her hauntingly beautiful song.
Katz castle was built in the 14th century and destroyed by Napoleon’s army in 1606 like so many other castles, though this one is on the other side of the Rhine. It was rebuilt in the Victorian era and is privately owned.
Maus castle was given the name by the counts of the larger Katz castle. The occupants of the two castles competed for power through hostile “cat and mouse” games so it’s not by coincidence that Katz castle sits next to Maus. Maus castle was built in the 14th century for collecting tolls and securing land possessions. Maus castle was not destroyed like so many others, but did fall into disrepair due to abandonment. In 1806 it was auctioned off for demolition to be used as a quarry, but was only partially demolished. It was restored in the early 1900’s, sustained damage in World War 2, and restored again after the war. It currently retains most of its original features and design. It is privately owned, but has a Knights Hall that can be rented for weddings or other events.
There are more castles beyond Maus, but Viking Skirner sped up after that one because we were due to tour Marksburg Castle and didn’t have enough time to slowly meander past Liebenstein or Sterrenberg as we had done with the others. We needed to go get ready for the tour so didn’t even try and get quick photos on the way past. There are more castles beyond Marksburg, but while people toured Marksburg Castle the ship moved on and we took a bus to meet it elsewhere so we didn’t sail past them.






































































































































